tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17929110438524836252024-02-21T01:05:12.537-08:00Bob Dylan Official Fanclub Blog Site for fansUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-34238982240276619422011-07-12T02:20:00.001-07:002011-07-12T02:20:38.101-07:00Bob Dylan - Tales From a Golden Age - Bob Dylan - 1941 to 1966 [Full DVD]<iframe width="425" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/kk6r0G2B0TY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-85556894753291809862011-06-26T13:17:00.001-07:002011-06-26T13:17:27.033-07:00BOB DYLAN LAST VIDEOCLIP - 2009<iframe width="560" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/a8qE6WQmNus" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-81382124015948454222011-05-16T22:23:00.001-07:002011-05-16T22:23:41.501-07:00Bob Dylan, Adelaide, April 19, 2011<iframe width="560" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/OKWXeTpdHiY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-72190801718549243312011-05-16T22:22:00.001-07:002011-05-16T22:22:13.073-07:00Bob Dylan live in Hong Kong April 12, 2011<iframe width="425" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/qwwng_jXbmQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-46302290463262374822011-05-16T22:20:00.001-07:002011-05-16T22:20:35.412-07:00BOB DYLAN Performance at Gramy Awards 2011<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/B7l6sBoPor4" width="560"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-85394644036695563322011-03-28T00:37:00.001-07:002011-03-28T00:37:40.053-07:00Bob Dylan - 1966 World Tour: The Home Movies<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XdALCXGshu0" title="YouTube video player" width="480"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-76786627904515738282010-12-25T01:01:00.000-08:002010-12-25T01:01:18.570-08:00Bob Dylan - Must Be Santa - CHRISTMAS SONG<object height="385" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/a8qE6WQmNus?fs=1&hl=ro_RO"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/a8qE6WQmNus?fs=1&hl=ro_RO" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"></embed></object>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-14040349723598584242010-08-03T15:49:00.000-07:002010-08-03T15:49:35.844-07:00FAN CLUB BOB DYLAN<b>LEAVE A COMMENT ABOUT BOB DYLAN</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrZQVN1gtvBVbldmyVG-Niet46yG0iTQJppqHmLvX0-s4SEXeKbeH048yuB-7nZZox7tVWQaO7xm8bVlYwrzUXMfXrRATAT1DBYhKxhi6x3tClzxXty3cwnyZA0HFFC1F-BXzyRPom9mI/s1600/bob_dylanMjgy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrZQVN1gtvBVbldmyVG-Niet46yG0iTQJppqHmLvX0-s4SEXeKbeH048yuB-7nZZox7tVWQaO7xm8bVlYwrzUXMfXrRATAT1DBYhKxhi6x3tClzxXty3cwnyZA0HFFC1F-BXzyRPom9mI/s320/bob_dylanMjgy.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ97rL6SDqkQx6T6JZgoSmwh1wFWBqCWCGwhcx4-ChOcdSNKecXy57blpR-644vTeT7OHQk6076w9-myPbGg7Nk9cXgXfFcWJH-wKkOi5cZgYYXgDI9VAuo5JVQcfVyWIRZJNd1jiTQPA/s1600/bob-dylan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ97rL6SDqkQx6T6JZgoSmwh1wFWBqCWCGwhcx4-ChOcdSNKecXy57blpR-644vTeT7OHQk6076w9-myPbGg7Nk9cXgXfFcWJH-wKkOi5cZgYYXgDI9VAuo5JVQcfVyWIRZJNd1jiTQPA/s320/bob-dylan.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4sZYtIEViVR-Csn1LVF7eoEWzQLCAHMsV9R3qBudHpkp7WnB6apl4LD9tmLdl3WK04RMSkZONaGv6oiiEkzt6OlXD2bgJ4v5odSX4DJ_-Eicx_cy5SNFmzH1xIKHQ0k3Oq9rMUbJtfk/s1600/Bob-Dylan-Collage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4sZYtIEViVR-Csn1LVF7eoEWzQLCAHMsV9R3qBudHpkp7WnB6apl4LD9tmLdl3WK04RMSkZONaGv6oiiEkzt6OlXD2bgJ4v5odSX4DJ_-Eicx_cy5SNFmzH1xIKHQ0k3Oq9rMUbJtfk/s320/Bob-Dylan-Collage.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5nbyz7PQJdfwFedBWOOE8KWEDQRg5qA_FGxTkCTPPk85rFoP87PLnXF9h7DPGNGFqsOlyuJ7ASWoTFOiUTnlez6zh0szBCu5sXGCFBnZdO6kNiEBZr0-QWwHmOT4nVW5omwKXAwz8rNk/s1600/bob-dylan+batran.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5nbyz7PQJdfwFedBWOOE8KWEDQRg5qA_FGxTkCTPPk85rFoP87PLnXF9h7DPGNGFqsOlyuJ7ASWoTFOiUTnlez6zh0szBCu5sXGCFBnZdO6kNiEBZr0-QWwHmOT4nVW5omwKXAwz8rNk/s320/bob-dylan+batran.jpg" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1792911043852483625.post-60480828298471237062010-08-03T15:47:00.000-07:002010-08-03T15:47:24.180-07:00The life of Bob Dylan<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhejLLTt1u1320eqym11LerF-_jbTi1DjiFAaKBVF725JBycelV9J4-DeNDhHpIu8lqAM_MExvgLlKTl8ZyN7UzwImG4FfBDf_MZ_bLq0lbtk3xN9TDeobwnNxNvLFF2Gyy_5iG_C9-xDI/s1600/bob-dylan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhejLLTt1u1320eqym11LerF-_jbTi1DjiFAaKBVF725JBycelV9J4-DeNDhHpIu8lqAM_MExvgLlKTl8ZyN7UzwImG4FfBDf_MZ_bLq0lbtk3xN9TDeobwnNxNvLFF2Gyy_5iG_C9-xDI/s320/bob-dylan.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<b>Bob Dylan</b> (born <b>Robert Allen Zimmerman</b>; May 24, 1941) is an American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer-songwriter" title="Singer-songwriter">singer-songwriter</a> and musician. He has been a major figure in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> for five decades.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Newsweek97_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Newsweek97-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Much of his most celebrated work dates from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s_in_music" title="1960s in music">1960s</a> when he was at first an informal chronicler, and later an apparently reluctant figurehead of social unrest. A number of his songs such as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Blowin' in the Wind</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_They_Are_a-Changin%27_%28song%29" title="The Times They Are a-Changin' (song)">The Times They Are A-Changin'</a>" became anthems for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281955-1968%29" title="American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)">civil rights</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to the Vietnam War">anti-war</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> movements. His early lyrics incorporated a variety of political, social and philosophical, as well as literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed hugely to the then burgeoning <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>. Dylan has both amplified and personalized musical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a>, exploring numerous distinct traditions in American song—from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_country_music" title="American country music">country</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a>, to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_Music_of_England" title="Folk Music of England">English</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scottish</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" title="Folk music of Ireland">Irish folk music</a>, embracing even <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_%28genre%29" title="Swing (genre)">swing</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica. Backed by a changing line-up of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Ending_Tour" title="Never Ending Tour">Never Ending Tour</a></i>. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, but his greatest contribution is generally considered to be his songwriting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Newsweek97_7-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Newsweek97-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
He has <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bob_Dylan_awards" title="List of Bob Dylan awards">received numerous awards</a> over the years including <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy" title="Grammy">Grammy</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a>; he has been inducted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame">Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a>. In 2008 a Bob Dylan Pathway was opened in the singer's honor in his birthplace of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a>, Minnesota.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> jury in 2008 awarded him a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">special citation</a> for what they called his profound impact on popular music and American culture, "marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
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</script> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Life_and_career">Life and career</span></h2><h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Origins_and_musical_beginnings">Origins and musical beginnings</span></h3>Robert Allen Zimmerman (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> name Shabtai Zisel ben Avraham)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> was born in St. Mary's Hospital on May 24, 1941, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a>, Minnesota,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> and raised in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbing,_Minnesota" title="Hibbing, Minnesota">Hibbing</a>, Minnesota, on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesabi_Iron_Range" title="Mesabi Iron Range">Mesabi Iron Range</a> west of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a>. His paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa">Odessa</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>) to the United States following the antisemitic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> of 1905.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-p12_17-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-p12-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> His mother's grandparents, Benjamin and Lybba Edelstein, were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" title="Lithuanian Jews">Lithuanian Jews</a> who arrived in the United States in 1902.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-p12_17-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-p12-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> In his autobiography <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicles:_Volume_One" title="Chronicles: Volume One">Chronicles: Volume One</a></i>, Dylan writes that his paternal grandmother's maiden name was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz" title="Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a> and her family originated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan’s parents, Abram Zimmerman and Beatrice "Beatty" Stone, were part of the area's small but close-knit Jewish community. Robert Zimmerman lived in Duluth until age six, when his father was stricken with polio and the family returned to his mother's home town, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbing,_Minnesota" title="Hibbing, Minnesota">Hibbing</a>, where Zimmerman spent the rest of his childhood. Robert Zimmerman spent much of his youth listening to the radio—first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_country_music" title="American country music">country</a> stations broadcasting from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a> and, later, to early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> He formed several bands in high school: The Shadow Blasters was short-lived, but his next, The Golden Chords, lasted longer and played <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">covers</a> of popular songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Their performance of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_and_the_Juniors" title="Danny and the Juniors">Danny and the Juniors</a>' "Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay" at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone off.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> In his 1959 school yearbook, Robert Zimmerman listed as his ambition "To follow <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> The same year, using the name Elston Gunnn (sic), he performed two dates with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Vee" title="Bobby Vee">Bobby Vee</a>, playing piano and providing handclaps.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gunnn_0-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Gunnn-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Zimmerman moved to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis</a> in September 1959 and enrolled at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. His early focus on rock and roll gave way to an interest in American folk music. In 1985, Dylan explained the attraction that folk music had exerted on him: "The thing about rock'n'roll is that for me anyway it wasn't enough ... There were great catch-phrases and driving pulse rhythms ... but the songs weren't serious or didn't reflect life in a realistic way. I knew that when I got into folk music, it was more of a serious type of thing. The songs are filled with more despair, more sadness, more triumph, more faith in the supernatural, much deeper feelings."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Crowe-1985_25-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Crowe-1985-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> He soon began to perform at the 10 O'clock Scholar, a coffee house a few blocks from campus, and became actively involved in the local <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinkytown,_USA" title="Dinkytown, USA">Dinkytown</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> circuit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-No_Direction_Home_27-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-No_Direction_Home-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
During his Dinkytown days, Zimmerman began introducing himself as "Bob Dylan".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> In his autobiography, Dylan acknowledged that he had been influenced by the poetry of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Explaining his change of name in a 2004 interview, Dylan remarked: "You're born, you know, the wrong names, wrong parents. I mean, that happens. You call yourself what you want to call yourself. This is the land of the free."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60minutes2005_30-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-60minutes2005-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1960s">1960s</span></h3><h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Dylan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relocation to New York and record deal">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Relocation_to_New_York_and_record_deal">Relocation to New York and record deal</span></h4>Dylan dropped out of college at the end of his freshman year. In January 1961, he moved to New York City, hoping to perform there and visit his musical idol <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>, who was seriously ill with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington%27s_Disease" title="Huntington's Disease">Huntington's Disease</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greystone_Park_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital">Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> Guthrie had been a revelation to Dylan and was the biggest influence on his early performances. Describing Guthrie's impact on him, Dylan later wrote: "The songs themselves had the infinite sweep of humanity in them ... [He] was the true voice of the American spirit. I said to myself I was going to be Guthrie's greatest disciple."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> As well as visiting Guthrie in the hospital, Dylan befriended Guthrie's acolyte <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a>. Much of Guthrie's repertoire was actually channeled through Elliott, and Dylan paid tribute to Elliott in <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicles,_Vol._1" title="Chronicles, Vol. 1">Chronicles</a></i> (2004).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
From February 1961, Dylan played at various clubs around <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. In September, he eventually gained public recognition when <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Shelton_%28critic%29" title="Robert Shelton (critic)">Robert Shelton</a> wrote a positive review in <i>The New York Times</i> of a show at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerde%27s_Folk_City" title="Gerde's Folk City">Gerde's Folk City</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> The same month Dylan played harmonica on folk singer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Hester" title="Carolyn Hester">Carolyn Hester</a>'s eponymous third album, which brought his talents to the attention of the album's producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Hammond" title="John H. Hammond">John Hammond</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> Hammond signed Dylan to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> in October. The performances on his first Columbia album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan_%28album%29" title="Bob Dylan (album)">Bob Dylan</a></i> (1962), consisted of familiar folk, blues and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> material combined with two original compositions. The album made little impact, selling only 5,000 copies in its first year, just enough to break even.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Scaduto110_36-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Scaduto110-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Within Columbia Records, some referred to the singer as "Hammond's Folly" and suggested dropping his contract. Hammond defended Dylan vigorously. While working for Columbia, Dylan also recorded several songs under the pseudonym Blind Boy Grunt, for <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadside_Magazine" title="Broadside Magazine">Broadside Magazine</a></i>, a folk music magazine and record label.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 282px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="198" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg/280px-Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg" width="280" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joan_Baez_Bob_Dylan.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>With <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a> during the civil rights "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a>", August 28, 1963</div></div></div>Dylan made two important career moves in August 1962. He legally changed his name to Bob Dylan, and signed a management contract with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Grossman" title="Albert Grossman">Albert Grossman</a>. Grossman remained Dylan's manager until 1970, and was notable both for his sometimes confrontational personality, and for the fiercely protective loyalty he displayed towards his principal client.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan subsequently said of Grossman, "He was kind of like a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_Tom_Parker" title="Colonel Tom Parker">Colonel Tom Parker</a> figure ... you could smell him coming."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-No_Direction_Home_27-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-No_Direction_Home-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> Tensions between Grossman and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Hammond" title="John H. Hammond">John Hammond</a> led to Hammond being replaced as the producer of Dylan's second album by the young <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> jazz producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Wilson_%28producer%29" title="Tom Wilson (producer)">Tom Wilson</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
From December 1962 to January 1963, Dylan made his first trip to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin-p35_40-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin-p35-40"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> He had been invited by TV director <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Saville" title="Philip Saville">Philip Saville</a> to appear in a drama, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Madhouse_on_Castle_Street" title="The Madhouse on Castle Street">The Madhouse on Castle Street</a></i>, which Saville was directing for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> At the end of the play, Dylan performed <i>Blowin' in the Wind</i>, one of the first major public performances of the song<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup>. While in London, Dylan performed at several London folk clubs, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Cousins_%28music_club%29" title="Les Cousins (music club)">Les Cousins</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monto_Water_Rats" title="Monto Water Rats">The Pinder Of Wakefield</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunjies" title="Bunjies">Bunjies</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin-p35_40-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin-p35-40"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> He also learned new songs from several UK performers, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Carthy" title="Martin Carthy">Martin Carthy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin-p35_40-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin-p35-40"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
By the time Dylan's second album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Freewheelin%27_Bob_Dylan" title="The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan">The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan</a></i>, was released in May 1963, he had begun to make his name as both a singer and a songwriter. Many of the songs on this album were labeled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">protest songs</a>, inspired partly by Guthrie and influenced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>'s passion for topical songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> "Oxford Town", for example, was a sardonic account of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a>'s ordeal as the first black student to risk enrollment at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="270" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg/180px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg" width="180" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Bob Dylan in November 1963</div></div></div>His most famous song at this time, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Blowin' in the Wind</a>", partially derived its melody from the traditional <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave" title="Slave">slave</a> song "No More Auction Block", while its lyrics questioned the social and political status quo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> The song was widely recorded and became an international hit for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a>, setting a precedent for many other artists who had hits with Dylan's songs. "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Hard_Rain%27s_a-Gonna_Fall" title="A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall">A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall</a>" was based on the tune of the folk ballad "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Randall" title="Lord Randall">Lord Randall</a>". With its veiled references to nuclear apocalypse, it gained even more resonance when the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban missile crisis</a> developed only a few weeks after Dylan began performing it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> Like "Blowin' in the Wind", "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" marked an important new direction in modern songwriting, blending a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_writing" title="Stream of consciousness writing">stream-of-consciousness</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagist" title="Imagist">imagist</a> lyrical attack with a traditional folk form.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_-_Blowin%27_in_the_Wind.ogg" title="File:Bob Dylan - Blowin' in the Wind.ogg">"Blowin' in the Wind"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_1" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_1", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/Bob_Dylan_-_Blowin%27_in_the_Wind.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "17", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_-_Blowin%27_in_the_Wind.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Blowin' in the Wind</a></i> was, according to critic Andy Gill, "the song with which Dylan's name is most inextricably linked, and safeguarded his reputation as a civil libertarian through any number of changes in style and attitude."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
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</tbody></table>While Dylan's topical songs solidified his early reputation, <i>Freewheelin'</i> also included a mixture of love songs and jokey, surreal talking blues. Humor was a large part of Dylan's persona,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> and the range of material on the album impressed many listeners, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> said, "We just played it, just wore it out. The content of the song lyrics and just the attitude—it was incredibly original and wonderful."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The rough edge of Dylan's singing was unsettling to some early listeners but an attraction to others. Describing the impact that Dylan had on her and her husband, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Carol_Oates" title="Joyce Carol Oates">Joyce Carol Oates</a> wrote: "When we first heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and electrifying."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> Many of his most famous early songs first reached the public through more immediately palatable versions by other performers, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, who became Dylan's advocate, as well as his lover.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> Baez was influential in bringing Dylan to national and international prominence by recording several of his early songs and inviting him onstage during her own concerts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Others who recorded and had hits with Dylan's songs in the early and mid-1960s included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_and_Cher" title="Sonny and Cher">Sonny and Cher</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollies" title="The Hollies">The Hollies</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Association" title="The Association">The Association</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Mann" title="Manfred Mann">Manfred Mann</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turtles" title="The Turtles">The Turtles</a>. Most attempted to impart a pop feel and rhythm to the songs, while Dylan and Baez performed them mostly as sparse folk pieces. The cover versions became so ubiquitous that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> started to promote him with the tag "Nobody Sings Dylan Like Dylan."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
"Mixed Up Confusion", recorded during the <i>Freewheelin'</i> sessions with a backing band, was released as a single and then quickly withdrawn. In contrast to the mostly solo acoustic performances on the album, the single showed a willingness to experiment with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> sound. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Crowe" title="Cameron Crowe">Cameron Crowe</a> described it as "a fascinating look at a folk artist with his mind wandering towards <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Protest_and_Another_Side">Protest and <i>Another Side</i></span></h4>In May 1963, Dylan's political profile was raised when he walked out of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i>. During rehearsals, Dylan had been informed by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Television" title="CBS Television">CBS Television</a>'s "head of program practices" that the song he was planning to perform, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkin%27_John_Birch_Paranoid_Blues" title="Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues">Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues</a>", was potentially libelous to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a>. Rather than comply with the censorship, Dylan refused to appear on the program.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
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<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_-_The_Times_They_Are_a-Changin%27.ogg" title="File:Bob Dylan - The Times They Are a-Changin'.ogg">"The Times They Are a-Changin'"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_2" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_2", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/16/Bob_Dylan_-_The_Times_They_Are_a-Changin%27.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "19", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_-_The_Times_They_Are_a-Changin%27.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Dylan said of "The Times They Are a-Changin'": "This was definitely a song with a purpose. I wanted to write a big song, some kind of theme song, with short concise verses that piled up on each other in a hypnotic way. The civil rights movement and the folk music movement were pretty close and allied together at that time."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Crowe-1985_25-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Crowe-1985-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>By this time, Dylan and Baez were both prominent in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, singing together at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a> on August 28, 1963.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan's third album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_They_Are_a-Changin%27" title="The Times They Are a-Changin'">The Times They Are a-Changin'</a></i>, reflected a more politicized and cynical Dylan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> The songs often took as their subject matter contemporary, real life stories, with "Only A Pawn In Their Game" addressing the murder of civil rights worker <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a>; and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brechtian</a> "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lonesome_Death_of_Hattie_Carroll" title="The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll">The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll</a>" the death of black hotel barmaid Hattie Carroll, at the hands of young white socialite <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Zantzinger" title="William Zantzinger">William Zantzinger</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> On a more general theme, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad_of_Hollis_Brown" title="Ballad of Hollis Brown">Ballad of Hollis Brown</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Country_Blues" title="North Country Blues">North Country Blues</a>" address the despair engendered by the breakdown of farming and mining communities. This political material was accompanied by two personal love songs, "Boots of Spanish Leather" and "One Too Many Mornings".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbctimeline_61-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-bbctimeline-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
By the end of 1963, Dylan felt both manipulated and constrained by the folk and protest movements.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup> These tensions were publicly displayed when, accepting the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Tom Paine</a> Award" from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Emergency_Civil_Liberties_Committee" title="National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee">National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee</a> shortly after the assassination of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, an intoxicated Dylan brashly questioned the role of the committee, characterized the members as old and balding, and claimed to see something of himself (and of every man) in Kennedy's alleged assassin, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963-5.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="182" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963-5.jpg/220px-Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963-5.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_November_1963-5.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i>Bobby</i> Dylan, as the college yearbook lists him: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_University" title="St. Lawrence University">St. Lawrence University</a>, upstate New York, November 1963</div></div></div><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Side_of_Bob_Dylan" title="Another Side of Bob Dylan">Another Side of Bob Dylan</a></i>, recorded on a single June evening in 1964,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup> had a lighter mood than its predecessor. The surreal, humorous Dylan reemerged on "I Shall Be Free #10" and "Motorpsycho Nightmare". "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Harlem_Incident" title="Spanish Harlem Incident">Spanish Harlem Incident</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Ramona" title="To Ramona">To Ramona</a>" are romantic and passionate love songs, while "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Crow_Blues" title="Black Crow Blues">Black Crow Blues</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Don%27t_Believe_You_%28She_Acts_Like_We_Never_Have_Met%29" title="I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never Have Met)">I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never Have Met)</a>" suggest the rock and roll soon to dominate Dylan's music. "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Ain%27t_Me_Babe" title="It Ain't Me Babe">It Ain't Me Babe</a>", on the surface a song about spurned love, has been described as a rejection of the role his reputation had thrust at him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup> His newest direction was signaled by two lengthy songs: the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionistic</a> "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimes_of_Freedom" title="Chimes of Freedom">Chimes of Freedom</a>," which sets elements of social commentary against a denser metaphorical landscape in a style later characterized by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a> as "chains of flashing images,"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Back_Pages" title="My Back Pages">My Back Pages</a>," which attacks the simplistic and arch seriousness of his own earlier topical songs and seems to predict the backlash he was about to encounter from his former champions as he took a new direction.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-67"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In the latter half of 1964 and 1965, Dylan’s appearance and musical style changed rapidly, as he made his move from leading contemporary songwriter of the folk scene to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-rock" title="Folk-rock">folk-rock</a> pop-music star. His scruffy jeans and work shirts were replaced by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street</a> wardrobe, sunglasses day or night, and pointy "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatle_boots" title="Beatle boots">Beatle boots</a>". A London reporter wrote: "Hair that would set the teeth of a comb on edge. A loud shirt that would dim the neon lights of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a>. He looks like an undernourished <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatoo" title="Cockatoo">cockatoo</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan also began to spar in increasingly surreal ways with his interviewers. Appearing on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Crane" title="Les Crane">Les Crane</a> TV show and asked about a movie he was planning to make, he told Crane it would be a cowboy horror movie. Asked if he played the cowboy, Dylan replied, "No, I play my mother."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Going_electric">Going electric</span></h4><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Dylan_controversy" title="Electric Dylan controversy">Electric Dylan controversy</a></div>Dylan's April 1965 album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bringing_It_All_Back_Home" title="Bringing It All Back Home">Bringing It All Back Home</a></i> was yet another stylistic leap,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> featuring his first recordings made with electric instruments. The first single, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterranean_Homesick_Blues" title="Subterranean Homesick Blues">Subterranean Homesick Blues</a>", owed much to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>'s "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_Much_Monkey_Business" title="Too Much Monkey Business">Too Much Monkey Business</a>"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-71"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup> and was provided with an early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a> courtesy of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">cinéma vérité</a> presentation of Dylan's 1965 tour of England, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dont_Look_Back" title="Dont Look Back">Dont Look Back</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-72"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> Its free association lyrics both harked back to the manic energy of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_poetry" title="Beat poetry">Beat poetry</a> and were a forerunner of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rap</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
By contrast, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">B side</a> of the album consisted of four long songs on which Dylan accompanied himself on acoustic guitar and harmonica.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-168_74-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-168-74"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup> "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Tambourine_Man" title="Mr. Tambourine Man">Mr. Tambourine Man</a>" quickly became one of Dylan's best known songs when <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> recorded an electric version that reached number one in both the U.S. and the U.K. charts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-75"><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-76"><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup> "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_All_Over_Now_Baby_Blue" title="It's All Over Now Baby Blue">It's All Over Now Baby Blue</a>" and "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Alright_Ma_%28I%27m_Only_Bleeding%29" title="It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)">It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)</a>" were acclaimed as two of Dylan's most important compositions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-168_74-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-168-74"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-77"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In the summer of 1965, as the headliner at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a>, Dylan performed his first electric set since his high school days with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickup_group" title="Pickup group">pickup group</a> drawn mostly from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Butterfield" title="Paul Butterfield">Paul Butterfield Blues Band</a>, featuring <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bloomfield" title="Mike Bloomfield">Mike Bloomfield</a> (guitar), Sam Lay (drums) and Jerome Arnold (bass), plus <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kooper" title="Al Kooper">Al Kooper</a> (organ) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Goldberg" title="Barry Goldberg">Barry Goldberg</a> (piano).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-78"><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan had appeared at Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 Dylan, met with a mix of cheering and booing, left the stage after only three songs. One version of the legend has it that the boos were from the outraged folk fans whom Dylan had alienated by appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Lerner" title="Murray Lerner">Murray Lerner</a>, who filmed the performance, said: "I absolutely think that they were booing Dylan going electric."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-79"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup> An alternative account claims audience members were merely upset by poor sound quality and a surprisingly short set. This account is supported by Kooper and one of the directors of the festival, who reports his audio recording of the concert prove that the only boos were in reaction to the emcee's announcement that there was only enough time for a short set.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-81"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Nevertheless, Dylan's 1965 Newport performance provoked a hostile response from the folk music establishment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-82"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_Silber" title="Irwin Silber">Irwin Silber</a>, the editor of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing_Out%21" title="Sing Out!">Sing Out!</a></i>, published an "Open Letter to Bob Dylan" in his journal: "I saw at Newport how you had somehow lost contact with people. Some of the paraphernalia of fame were getting in your way."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-83"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> On July 29, just four days after his controversial performance at Newport, Dylan was back in the studio in New York, recording "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positively_4th_Street" title="Positively 4th Street">Positively 4th Street</a>". The lyrics teemed with images of vengeance and paranoia,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-84"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> and it was widely interpreted as Dylan's put-down of former friends from the folk community—friends he had known in the clubs along West 4th Street.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-85"><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Highway_61_Revisited_and_Blonde_on_Blonde"><i>Highway 61 Revisited</i> and <i>Blonde on Blonde</i></span></h4><div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_Acoustic_%2766.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="166" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Bob_Dylan_Acoustic_%2766.jpg/220px-Bob_Dylan_Acoustic_%2766.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_Acoustic_%2766.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan on tour in 1966.</div></div></div><table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_-_Like_a_Rolling_Stone.ogg" title="File:Bob Dylan - Like a Rolling Stone.ogg">"Like A Rolling Stone"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_3" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_3", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Bob_Dylan_-_Like_a_Rolling_Stone.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "29", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_-_Like_a_Rolling_Stone.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Dylan's 1965 hit single, which appeared on the album <i>Highway 61 Revisited</i>. In 2004, it was labelled the Greatest Song of All Time by <i>Rolling Stone</i> magazine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS500_86-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-RS500-86"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>In July 1965, Dylan released the single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_a_Rolling_Stone" title="Like a Rolling Stone">Like a Rolling Stone</a>," which peaked at #2 in the U.S. and at #4 in the UK charts. At over six minutes in length, the song has been widely credited with altering attitudes about what a pop single could convey. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, in his speech during Dylan's inauguration into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> said that on first hearing the single, "that snare shot sounded like somebody'd kicked open the door to your mind".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-87"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-87"><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2004, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone_Magazine" title="Rolling Stone Magazine">Rolling Stone Magazine</a></i> listed it as number one on its list of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_500_Greatest_Songs_of_All_Time" title="The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time">The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS500_86-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-RS500-86"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> The song also opened Dylan's next album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a>,</i> titled after the road that led from Dylan's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> to the musical hotbed of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-88"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-88"><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup> The songs were in the same vein as the hit single, flavored by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bloomfield" title="Mike Bloomfield">Mike Bloomfield</a>'s blues guitar and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kooper" title="Al Kooper">Al Kooper</a>'s organ riffs. "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desolation_Row" title="Desolation Row">Desolation Row</a>" offers the sole <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic</a> exception, with Dylan making surreal allusions to a variety of figures in Western culture during this epic song, which was described by Andy Gill as "an 11-minute epic of entropy, which takes the form of a Fellini-esque parade of grotesques and oddities featuring a huge cast of iconic characters, some historical (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein" title="Einstein">Einstein</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>), some biblical (Noah, Cain and Abel), some fictional (Ophelia, Romeo, Cinderella), some literary (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.S._Eliot" title="T.S. Eliot">T.S. Eliot</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>), and some who fit into none of the above categories, notably Dr. Filth and his dubious nurse."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-89"><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In support of the record, Dylan was booked for two U.S. concerts and set about assembling a band. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bloomfield" title="Mike Bloomfield">Mike Bloomfield</a> was unwilling to leave the Butterfield Band, so Dylan mixed Al Kooper and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Brooks" title="Harvey Brooks">Harvey Brooks</a> from his studio crew with bar-band stalwarts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie_Robertson" title="Robbie Robertson">Robbie Robertson</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levon_Helm" title="Levon Helm">Levon Helm</a>, best known at the time for being part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_Hawkins" title="Ronnie Hawkins">Ronnie Hawkins</a>'s backing band <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hawks" title="The Hawks">The Hawks</a>, (later to become <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-90"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-90"><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup> On August 28 at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, the group was heckled by an audience still annoyed by Dylan's electric sound. The band's reception on September 3 at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a> was more favorable.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-91"><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
While Dylan and the Hawks met increasingly receptive audiences on tour, their studio efforts floundered. Producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Johnston" title="Bob Johnston">Bob Johnston</a> persuaded Dylan to record in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> in February 1966, and surrounded him with a cadre of top-notch session men. At Dylan's insistence, Robertson and Kooper came down from New York City to play on the sessions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-92"><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup> The Nashville sessions produced the double-album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a></i> (1966), featuring what Dylan later called "that thin wild mercury sound".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-93"><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Kooper" title="Al Kooper">Al Kooper</a> described the album as "taking two cultures and smashing them together with a huge explosion": the musical world of Nashville and the world of the "quintessential New York hipster" Bob Dylan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-94"><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
On November 22, 1965, Dylan secretly married 25-year-old former model <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Dylan" title="Sara Dylan">Sara Lownds</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-p193_95-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-p193-95"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup> Some of Dylan’s friends (including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a>) claim that, in conversation immediately after the event, Dylan denied that he was married.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-p193_95-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-p193-95"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup> Journalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora_Ephron" title="Nora Ephron">Nora Ephron</a> first made the news public in the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> in February 1966 with the headline "Hush! Bob Dylan is wed."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-96"><span>[</span>97<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_and_the_Band_Tour_1966.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Bob_Dylan_and_the_Band_Tour_1966.jpg/220px-Bob_Dylan_and_the_Band_Tour_1966.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_and_the_Band_Tour_1966.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan singing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Me,_Momma" title="Tell Me, Momma">Tell Me, Momma</a>, during his 1966 world tour.</div></div></div>Dylan undertook a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan_World_Tour_1966" title="Bob Dylan World Tour 1966">world tour</a> of Australia and Europe in the spring of 1966. Each show was split into two parts. Dylan performed solo during the first half, accompanying himself on <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel-string_guitar" title="Steel-string guitar">acoustic guitar</a> and harmonica. In the second half, backed by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hawks" title="The Hawks">the Hawks</a>, he played high voltage electric music. This contrast provoked many fans, who jeered and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applause#Slow_handclaps" title="Applause">slow handclapped</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> The tour culminated in a famously raucous confrontation between Dylan and his audience at the Manchester <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Hall" title="Free Trade Hall">Free Trade Hall</a> in England.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-98"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-98"><span>[</span>99<span>]</span></a></sup> A recording of this concert was finally given an official release in 1998, on the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._4:_Bob_Dylan_Live_1966,_The_%22Royal_Albert_Hall%22_Concert" title="The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert">The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966</a></i>. At the climax of the evening, a member of the audience, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cordwell" title="John Cordwell">John Cordwell</a>, who was angry with Dylan's electric sound, shouted: "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas</a>!" to which Dylan responded, "I don't believe you ... You're a liar!" Dylan turned to his band and said, "Play it fucking loud!"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-99"><span>[</span>100<span>]</span></a></sup> and they launched into the final song of the night with gusto—"Like a Rolling Stone."<br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Motorcycle_accident_and_reclusion">Motorcycle accident and reclusion</span></h4>After his European tour, Dylan returned to New York, but the pressures on him increased. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC Television</a> had paid an advance for a TV show they could screen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-100"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-100"><span>[</span>101<span>]</span></a></sup> His publisher, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, was demanding a finished manuscript of the poem/novel <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantula_%28book%29" title="Tarantula (book)">Tarantula</a>.</i> Manager <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Grossman" title="Albert Grossman">Albert Grossman</a> had already scheduled an extensive concert tour for that summer and fall.<br />
On July 29, 1966, Dylan crashed his 500cc <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Engineering_Co_Ltd" title="Triumph Engineering Co Ltd">Triumph</a> Tiger 100 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> on a road near his home in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock,_New_York" title="Woodstock, New York">Woodstock</a>, New York, throwing him to the ground. Though the extent of his injuries were never fully disclosed, Dylan said that he broke several <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrae" title="Vertebrae">vertebrae</a> in his neck.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-217_101-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-217-101"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></a></sup> Mystery still surrounds the circumstances of the accident<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mystery_102-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Mystery-102"><span>[</span>103<span>]</span></a></sup> since no ambulance was called to the scene and Dylan was not hospitalized.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-217_101-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-217-101"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan later expressed concern about where his career and private life were headed up until the point of the crash: "When I had that motorcycle accident ... I woke up and caught my senses, I realized that I was just workin' for all these leeches. And I didn't want to do that. Plus, I had a family and I just wanted to see my kids."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-103"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-103"><span>[</span>104<span>]</span></a></sup> Many biographers believe that the crash offered Dylan the much-needed chance to escape from the pressures that had built up around him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-217_101-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-217-101"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-shades268_104-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-shades268-104"><span>[</span>105<span>]</span></a></sup> In the wake of his accident, Dylan withdrew from the public and, apart from a few select appearances, did not tour again for eight years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mystery_102-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Mystery-102"><span>[</span>103<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Once Dylan was well enough to resume creative work, he began editing film footage of his 1966 tour for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat_the_Document" title="Eat the Document">Eat the Document</a></i>, a rarely exhibited follow-up to <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dont_Look_Back" title="Dont Look Back">Dont Look Back</a></i>. A rough-cut was shown to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC Television</a> and was promptly rejected as incomprehensible to a mainstream audience.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-105"><span>[</span>106<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1967 he began recording music with the Hawks at his home and in the basement of the Hawks' nearby house, called "Big Pink".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-106"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-106"><span>[</span>107<span>]</span></a></sup> These songs, initially compiled as demos for other artists to record, provided hit singles for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Driscoll" title="Julie Driscoll">Julie Driscoll</a> ("<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Wheel%27s_on_Fire_%28song%29" title="This Wheel's on Fire (song)">This Wheel's on Fire</a>"), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> ("<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Ain%27t_Goin%27_Nowhere" title="You Ain't Goin' Nowhere">You Ain't Goin' Nowhere</a>", "Nothing Was Delivered"), and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Mann" title="Manfred Mann">Manfred Mann</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinn_the_Eskimo" title="Quinn the Eskimo">Quinn the Eskimo</a> ("<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinn_the_Eskimo_%28The_Mighty_Quinn%29" title="Quinn the Eskimo (The Mighty Quinn)">The Mighty Quinn</a>"). Columbia belatedly released selections from them in 1975 as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Basement_Tapes" title="The Basement Tapes">The Basement Tapes</a></i>. Over the years, more and more of the songs recorded by Dylan and his band in 1967 appeared on various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">bootleg recordings</a>, culminating in a five-CD bootleg set titled <i>The Genuine Basement Tapes</i>, containing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Basement_Tapes_songs" title="List of Basement Tapes songs">107 songs and alternate takes</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-107"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-107"><span>[</span>108<span>]</span></a></sup> In the coming months, the Hawks recorded the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_from_Big_Pink" title="Music from Big Pink">Music from Big Pink</a></i> using songs they first worked on in their basement in Woodstock, and renamed themselves <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-108"><span>[</span>109<span>]</span></a></sup> thus beginning a long and successful recording and performing career of their own.<br />
In October and November 1967, Dylan returned to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-109"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-109"><span>[</span>110<span>]</span></a></sup> Back in the recording studio after a 19-month break, he was accompanied only by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_McCoy" title="Charlie McCoy">Charlie McCoy</a> on bass,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-110"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-110"><span>[</span>111<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Buttrey" title="Kenny Buttrey">Kenny Buttrey</a> on drums,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-111"><span>[</span>112<span>]</span></a></sup> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Drake" title="Pete Drake">Pete Drake</a> on steel guitar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-112"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-112"><span>[</span>113<span>]</span></a></sup> The result was <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley_Harding_%28album%29" title="John Wesley Harding (album)">John Wesley Harding</a></i>, a quiet, contemplative record of shorter songs, set in a landscape that drew on both the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_West" title="American West">American West</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. The sparse structure and instrumentation, coupled with lyrics that took the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> tradition seriously, marked a departure not only from Dylan's own work but from the escalating psychedelic fervor of the 1960s musical culture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-113"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-113"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> It included "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Along_the_Watchtower" title="All Along the Watchtower">All Along the Watchtower</a>", with lyrics derived from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> (21:5–9). The song was later recorded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, whose version Dylan later acknowledged as definitive.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Crowe-1985_25-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Crowe-1985-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> died on October 3, 1967, and Dylan made his first live appearance in twenty months at a Guthrie memorial concert held at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> on January 20, 1968, where he was backed by The Band.<br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lay_Lady_Lay.ogg" title="File:Lay Lady Lay.ogg">"Lay Lady Lay"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_4" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_4", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/be/Lay_Lady_Lay.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "20", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Lay_Lady_Lay.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lay_Lady_Lay" title="Lay Lady Lay">Lay Lady Lay</a>," on the country album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_Skyline" title="Nashville Skyline">Nashville Skyline</a></i>, has been one of Dylan's biggest hits, reaching #7 in the U.S.A.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-114"><span>[</span>115<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>Dylan's next release, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_Skyline" title="Nashville Skyline">Nashville Skyline</a></i> (1969), was virtually a mainstream country record featuring instrumental backing by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> musicians, a mellow-voiced Dylan, a duet with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, and the hit single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lay_Lady_Lay" title="Lay Lady Lay">Lay Lady Lay</a>," which he originally wrote for the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Cowboy" title="Midnight Cowboy">Midnight Cowboy</a></i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">soundtrack</a>, but did not submit in time to make the final cut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-115"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-115"><span>[</span>116<span>]</span></a></sup> In May 1969, Dylan appeared on the first episode of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>'s new television show, duetting with Cash on "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_from_the_North_Country" title="Girl from the North Country">Girl from the North Country</a>", "I Threw It All Away" and "Living the Blues". Dylan next travelled to England to top the bill at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> rock festival on August 31, 1969, after rejecting overtures to appear at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock_Festival" title="Woodstock Festival">Woodstock Festival</a> far closer to his home.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-116"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-116"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Dylan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1970s">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1970s">1970s</span></h3>In the early 1970s, critics charged Dylan's output was of varied and unpredictable quality. <i>Rolling Stone</i> magazine writer and Dylan loyalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Greil Marcus</a> notoriously asked "What is this shit?" upon first listening to 1970's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_Portrait_%28Bob_Dylan_album%29" title="Self Portrait (Bob Dylan album)">Self Portrait</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-117"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-117"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-118"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-118"><span>[</span>119<span>]</span></a></sup> In general, <i>Self Portrait</i>, a double LP including few original songs, was poorly received.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-119"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-119"><span>[</span>120<span>]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Dylan released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Morning" title="New Morning">New Morning</a></i>, which some considered a return to form.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-120"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-120"><span>[</span>121<span>]</span></a></sup> In November 1968, Dylan had co-written "I'd Have You Anytime" with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-121"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-121"><span>[</span>122<span>]</span></a></sup> Harrison recorded both "I'd Have You Anytime" and Dylan's "If Not For You" for his 1970 solo triple album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Things_Must_Pass" title="All Things Must Pass">All Things Must Pass</a></i>. Dylan's surprise appearance at Harrison's 1971 <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh" title="The Concert for Bangladesh">Concert for Bangladesh</a></i> attracted much media coverage, reflecting that Dylan's live appearances had become rare.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-122"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-122"><span>[</span>123<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Between March 16 and 19, 1971, Dylan reserved three days at Blue Rock Studios, a small studio in New York's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. These sessions resulted in one single, "Watching The River Flow", and a new recording of "When I Paint My Masterpiece".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbctimeline_61-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-bbctimeline-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> On November 4, 1971 Dylan recorded "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jackson_%28song%29" title="George Jackson (song)">George Jackson</a>," which he released a week later.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbctimeline_61-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-bbctimeline-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> For many, the single was a surprising return to protest material, mourning the killing of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panthers" title="Black Panthers">Black Panther</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jackson_%28Black_Panther%29" title="George Jackson (Black Panther)">George Jackson</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Quentin_Prison" title="San Quentin Prison">San Quentin Prison</a> that summer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-123"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-123"><span>[</span>124<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In 1972, Dylan signed onto <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Peckinpah" title="Sam Peckinpah">Sam Peckinpah</a>'s film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Garrett_and_Billy_the_Kid" title="Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid">Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid</a></i>, providing <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Garrett_and_Billy_the_Kid_%28album%29" title="Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (album)">songs and backing music</a> for the movie, and playing the role of "Alias," a member of Billy's of some historical basis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-124"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-124"><span>[</span>125<span>]</span></a></sup> Despite the film's failure at the box office, the song "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockin%27_on_Heaven%27s_Door_%28song%29" title="Knockin' on Heaven's Door (song)">Knockin' on Heaven's Door</a>" has proven its durability as one of Dylan's most extensively covered songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-125"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-125"><span>[</span>126<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-126"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-126"><span>[</span>127<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Dylan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Return to touring">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Return_to_touring">Return to touring</span></h4><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_and_The_Band_-_1974.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="146" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bob_Dylan_and_The_Band_-_1974.jpg/300px-Bob_Dylan_and_The_Band_-_1974.jpg" width="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_and_The_Band_-_1974.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Bob Dylan and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a> touring in Chicago, 1974</div></div></div>Dylan began 1973 by signing with a new record label, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asylum_Records" title="Asylum Records">Asylum Records</a>, when his contract with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> expired. On his next album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Waves" title="Planet Waves">Planet Waves</a></i>, he used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a> as backing group, while rehearsing for a major tour. The album included two versions of "Forever Young," which became one of his most popular songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-p273_127-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-p273-127"><span>[</span>128<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Christopher Ricks</a> has connected the chorus of this song with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>'s "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ode_on_a_Grecian_Urn" title="Ode on a Grecian Urn">Ode on a Grecian Urn</a>," which contains the line "...forever panting, and for ever young."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-128"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-128"><span>[</span>129<span>]</span></a></sup> As one critic described it, the song projected "something hymnal and heartfelt that spoke of the father in Dylan",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-129"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-129"><span>[</span>130<span>]</span></a></sup> and Dylan himself commented: "I wrote it thinking about one of my boys and not wanting to be too sentimental."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-130"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-130"><span>[</span>131<span>]</span></a></sup> Biographer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Sounes" title="Howard Sounes">Howard Sounes</a> noted that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Dylan" title="Jakob Dylan">Jakob Dylan</a> believed the song was about him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes-p273_127-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes-p273-127"><span>[</span>128<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Columbia Records simultaneously released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_%281973_album%29" title="Dylan (1973 album)">Dylan</a></i>, a haphazard collection of studio outtakes (almost exclusively cover songs), which was widely interpreted as a churlish response to Dylan's signing with a rival record label.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-131"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-131"><span>[</span>132<span>]</span></a></sup> In January 1974 Dylan and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a> embarked on their high-profile, coast-to-coast <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan_and_The_Band_1974_Tour" title="Bob Dylan and The Band 1974 Tour">North American tour</a>. A live double album of the tour, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_the_Flood" title="Before the Flood">Before the Flood</a></i>, was released on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asylum_Records" title="Asylum Records">Asylum Records</a>.<br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tangled_Up_In_Blue.ogg" title="File:Tangled Up In Blue.ogg">"Tangled Up in Blue"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_5" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_5", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/11/Tangled_Up_In_Blue.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "27", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Tangled_Up_In_Blue.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Dylan said of the opening song from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_on_the_Tracks" title="Blood on the Tracks">Blood on the Tracks</a></i>: "I was trying to deal with the concept of time, and the way the characters change from the first person to the third person, and you're never sure if the first person is talking or the third person. But as you look at the whole thing it really doesn't matter."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Crowe-1985_25-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Crowe-1985-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>After the tour, Dylan and his wife became publicly estranged. He filled a small red notebook with songs about relationships and ruptures, and quickly recorded a new album entitled <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_on_the_Tracks" title="Blood on the Tracks">Blood on the Tracks</a></i> in September 1974.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-132"><span>[</span>133<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan delayed the album's release, however, and re-recorded half of the songs at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_80" title="Sound 80">Sound 80</a> Studios in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> with production assistance from his brother <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Zimmerman_%28producer%29" title="David Zimmerman (producer)">David Zimmerman</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-133"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-133"><span>[</span>134<span>]</span></a></sup> During this time, Dylan returned to Columbia Records, which eventually reissued his Asylum albums.<br />
Released in early 1975, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_on_the_Tracks" title="Blood on the Tracks">Blood on the Tracks</a></i> received mixed reviews. In the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Kent" title="Nick Kent">Nick Kent</a> described "the accompaniments [as] often so trashy they sound like mere practise takes."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin_383_134-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin_383-134"><span>[</span>135<span>]</span></a></sup> In <i>Rolling Stone</i>, reviewer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a> wrote that "the record has been made with typical shoddiness."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin_383_134-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin_383-134"><span>[</span>135<span>]</span></a></sup> However, over the years critics have come to see it as one of Dylan's greatest achievements, perhaps the only serious rival to his mid-60s trilogy of albums. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a>, Bill Wyman wrote: "<i>Blood on the Tracks</i> is his only flawless album and his best produced; the songs, each of them, are constructed in disciplined fashion. It is his kindest album and most dismayed, and seems in hindsight to have achieved a sublime balance between the logorrhea-plagued excesses of his mid-'60s output and the self-consciously simple compositions of his post-accident years."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-135"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-135"><span>[</span>136<span>]</span></a></sup> Novelist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Moody" title="Rick Moody">Rick Moody</a> called it "the truest, most honest account of a love affair from tip to stern ever put down on magnetic tape."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-136"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-136"><span>[</span>137<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 272px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ginsberg-dylan.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="182" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ginsberg-dylan.jpg/270px-Ginsberg-dylan.jpg" width="270" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ginsberg-dylan.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Bob Dylan photographed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsa_Dorfman" title="Elsa Dorfman">Elsa Dorfman</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Thunder_Revue" title="Rolling Thunder Revue">Rolling Thunder Revue</a> in 1975</div></div></div>That summer Dylan wrote a lengthy ballad championing the cause of boxer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin_Carter" title="Rubin Carter">Rubin "Hurricane" Carter</a>, who had been imprisoned for a triple murder committed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson, New Jersey</a> in 1966. After visiting Carter in jail, Dylan wrote "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_%28song%29" title="Hurricane (song)">Hurricane</a>", presenting the case for Carter's innocence. Despite its 8:32 minute length, the song was released as a single, peaking at #33 on the U.S. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Chart</a>, and performed at every 1975 date of Dylan's next tour, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Thunder_Revue" title="Rolling Thunder Revue">Rolling Thunder Revue</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-137"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-137"><span>[</span>138<span>]</span></a></sup> The tour was a varied evening of entertainment featuring about one hundred performers and supporters drawn from the resurgent Greenwich Village folk scene, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Bone_Burnett" title="T-Bone Burnett">T-Bone Burnett</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kokay_138-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Kokay-138"><span>[</span>139<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sloman_139-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sloman-139"><span>[</span>140<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Mansfield" title="David Mansfield">David Mansfield</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Ronson" title="Mick Ronson">Mick Ronson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, and violinist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet_Rivera" title="Scarlet Rivera">Scarlet Rivera</a>, whom Dylan discovered while she was walking down the street, her violin case hanging on her back.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-140"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-140"><span>[</span>141<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a> accompanied the troupe, staging scenes for the film Dylan was simultaneously shooting. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Shepard" title="Sam Shepard">Sam Shepard</a> was initially hired to write the film's screenplay, but ended up accompanying the tour as informal chronicler.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-141"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-141"><span>[</span>142<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Running through late 1975 and again through early 1976, the tour encompassed the release of the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desire_%28Bob_Dylan_album%29" title="Desire (Bob Dylan album)">Desire</a></i>, with many of Dylan's new songs featuring an almost <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travelogue</a>-like narrative style, showing the influence of his new collaborator, playwright <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Levy" title="Jacques Levy">Jacques Levy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-142"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-142"><span>[</span>143<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-143"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-143"><span>[</span>144<span>]</span></a></sup> The spring 1976 half of the tour was documented by a TV concert special, <i>Hard Rain</i>, and the LP <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rain_%28album%29" title="Hard Rain (album)">Hard Rain</a></i>; no concert album from the better-received and better-known opening half of the tour was released until 2002's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._5:_Bob_Dylan_Live_1975,_The_Rolling_Thunder_Revue" title="The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue">Live 1975</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-144"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-144"><span>[</span>145<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The fall 1975 tour with the Revue also provided the backdrop to Dylan's nearly four-hour film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaldo_and_Clara" title="Renaldo and Clara">Renaldo and Clara</a></i>, a sprawling and improvised narrative, mixed with concert footage and reminiscences. Released in 1978, the movie received generally poor, sometimes scathing, reviews and had a very brief theatrical run.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-145"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-145"><span>[</span>146<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-146"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-146"><span>[</span>147<span>]</span></a></sup> Later in that year, Dylan allowed a two-hour edit, dominated by the concert performances, to be more widely released.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-147"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-147"><span>[</span>148<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In November 1976, Dylan appeared at The Band's "farewell" concert, along with other guests including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>'s acclaimed cinematic chronicle of this show, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Waltz" title="The Last Waltz">The Last Waltz</a>,</i> was released in 1978 and included about half of Dylan's set.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-148"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-148"><span>[</span>149<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1976, Dylan also wrote and duetted on the song "Sign Language" for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>'s <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Reason_To_Cry" title="No Reason To Cry">No Reason To Cry</a></i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50facts_149-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-50facts-149"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup>.<br />
Dylan's 1978 album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street-Legal_%28album%29" title="Street-Legal (album)">Street-Legal</a></i>, recorded with a large, pop-rock band, complete with female backing vocalists, was lyrically one of his more complex and cohesive.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-150"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-150"><span>[</span>151<span>]</span></a></sup> It suffered, however, from a poor sound mix (attributed to his studio recording practices),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-151"><span>[</span>152<span>]</span></a></sup> submerging much of its instrumentation until its remastered CD release nearly a quarter century later.<br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Born-again_period">Born-again period</span></h4><div class="rellink boilerplate further">Further information: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_Train_Coming#Conversion_to_Christianity" title="Slow Train Coming">Slow Train Coming</a></div><table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gotta_Serve_Somebody.ogg" title="File:Gotta Serve Somebody.ogg">"Gotta Serve Somebody"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_6" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_6", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/50/Gotta_Serve_Somebody.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "30", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Gotta_Serve_Somebody.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Dylan took five months off at the beginning of 1979 to attend Bible school.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Crowe-1985_25-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Crowe-1985-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> His subsequent album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_Train_Coming" title="Slow Train Coming">Slow Train Coming</a></i> reached #3 on the U.S. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> chart and included this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy</a>-winning song.</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>In the late 1970s, Dylan became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again_%28Christianity%29" title="Born again (Christianity)">born-again Christian</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-152"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-152"><span>[</span>153<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-153"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-153"><span>[</span>154<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-154"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-154"><span>[</span>155<span>]</span></a></sup> and released two albums of Christian gospel music. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_Train_Coming" title="Slow Train Coming">Slow Train Coming</a></i> (1979) featured the guitar accompaniment of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Knopfler" title="Mark Knopfler">Mark Knopfler</a> (of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a>) and was produced by veteran <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B">R&B</a> producer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Wexler" title="Jerry Wexler">Jerry Wexler</a>. Wexler recalled that when Dylan had tried to evangelize him during the recording, he replied: "Bob, you're dealing with a sixty-two-year old Jewish atheist. Let's just make an album."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-155"><span>[</span>156<span>]</span></a></sup> The album won Dylan a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> as "Best Male Vocalist" for the song "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotta_Serve_Somebody" title="Gotta Serve Somebody">Gotta Serve Somebody</a>". The second evangelical album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saved_%28album%29" title="Saved (album)">Saved</a></i> (1980), received mixed reviews, and was described by Dylan critic Michael Gray as "the nearest thing to a follow-up album Dylan has ever made, <i>Slow Train Coming II</i> and inferior."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-156"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-156"><span>[</span>157<span>]</span></a></sup> When touring from the fall of 1979 through the spring of 1980, Dylan would not play any of his older, secular works, and he delivered declarations of his faith from the stage, such as:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote"> <div><i>Years ago they ... said I was a prophet. I used to say, "No I'm not a prophet" they say "Yes you are, you're a prophet." I said, "No it's not me." They used to say "You sure are a prophet." They used to convince me I was a prophet. Now I come out and say Jesus Christ is the answer. They say, "Bob Dylan's no prophet." They just can't handle it.</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-157"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-157"><span>[</span>158<span>]</span></a></sup></div></blockquote>Dylan's embrace of Christianity was unpopular with some of his fans and fellow musicians.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-158"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-158"><span>[</span>159<span>]</span></a></sup> Shortly before <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_John_Lennon" title="Death of John Lennon">his murder</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> recorded "Serve Yourself" in response to Dylan's "Gotta Serve Somebody".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-159"><span>[</span>160<span>]</span></a></sup> By 1981, while Dylan's Christian faith was obvious, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Holden" title="Stephen Holden">Stephen Holden</a> wrote in the <i>New York Times</i> that "neither age (he's now 40) nor his much-publicized conversion to born-again Christianity has altered his essentially iconoclastic temperament."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-160"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-160"><span>[</span>161<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1980s">1980s</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 232px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_Barcelona.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="307" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bob_Dylan_Barcelona.jpg/230px-Bob_Dylan_Barcelona.jpg" width="230" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_Barcelona.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona,_Spain" title="Barcelona, Spain">Barcelona</a>, Spain, 1984<br />
Photo: F. Antolín Hernandez</div></div></div>In the fall of 1980 Dylan briefly resumed touring for a series of concerts billed as "A Musical Retrospective", where he restored several of his popular 1960s songs to the repertoire. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_of_Love" title="Shot of Love">Shot of Love</a></i>, recorded the next spring, featured Dylan's first secular compositions in more than two years, mixed with explicitly Christian songs. The haunting "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every_Grain_of_Sand_%28Bob_Dylan_song%29" title="Every Grain of Sand (Bob Dylan song)">Every Grain of Sand</a>" reminded some critics of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>’s verses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-161"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-161"><span>[</span>162<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In the 1980s the quality of Dylan's recorded work varied, from the well-regarded <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infidels" title="Infidels">Infidels</a></i> in 1983 to the panned <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_in_the_Groove" title="Down in the Groove">Down in the Groove</a></i> in 1988. Critics such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gray_%28author%29" title="Michael Gray (author)">Michael Gray</a> condemned Dylan's 1980s albums both for showing an extraordinary carelessness in the studio and for failing to release his best songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-162"><span>[</span>163<span>]</span></a></sup> The <i>Infidels</i> recording sessions, for example, produced several notable songs that Dylan left off the album. Most well regarded of these were "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_Willie_McTell_%28song%29" title="Blind Willie McTell (song)">Blind Willie McTell</a>" (a tribute to the dead blues singer and an evocation of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_history" title="African American history">African American history</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-163"><span>[</span>164<span>]</span></a></sup>), "Foot of Pride" and "Lord Protect My Child".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-164"><span>[</span>165<span>]</span></a></sup> These songs were later released on <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bootleg_Series_Volumes_1-3_%28Rare_%26_Unreleased%29_1961-1991" title="The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991">The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991</a></i>.<br />
Between July 1984 and March 1985, Dylan recorded his next studio album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_Burlesque" title="Empire Burlesque">Empire Burlesque</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes362_165-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes362-165"><span>[</span>166<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Baker_%28musician%29" title="Arthur Baker (musician)">Arthur Baker</a>, who had remixed hits for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a>, was asked to engineer and mix the album. Baker has said he felt he was hired to make Dylan's album sound "a little bit more contemporary".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes362_165-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes362-165"><span>[</span>166<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan sang on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_for_Africa" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a>'s famine relief fundraising single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>". On July 13, 1985, he appeared at the climax at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> concert at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFK_Stadium" title="JFK Stadium">JFK Stadium</a>, Philadelphia. Backed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Richards" title="Keith Richards">Keith Richards</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie_Wood" title="Ronnie Wood">Ronnie Wood</a>, Dylan performed a ragged version of "Hollis Brown", his ballad of rural poverty, and then said to the worldwide audience exceeding one billion people: "I hope that some of the money ... maybe they can just take a little bit of it, maybe ... one or two million, maybe ... and use it to pay the mortgages on some of the farms and, the farmers here, owe to the banks."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-166"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-166"><span>[</span>167<span>]</span></a></sup> His remarks were widely criticized as inappropriate, but they did inspire <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> to organize a series of events, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_Aid" title="Farm Aid">Farm Aid</a>, to benefit debt-ridden American farmers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-167"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-167"><span>[</span>168<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In April 1986, Dylan made a foray into the world of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_music" title="Rap music">rap music</a> when he added vocals to a verse of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtis_Blow" title="Kurtis Blow">Kurtis Blow</a>'s "Street Rock," which appeared on Blow's album <i>Kingdom Blow</i>. Credited with arranging Dylan's performance are singer-songwriter-producer Wayne K. Garfield, who conceived the collaboration, and former Dylan back-up singer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra_Byrd" title="Debra Byrd">Debra Byrd</a>, who is now head vocal coach for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-168"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-168"><span>[</span>169<span>]</span></a></sup> In July 1986 Dylan released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knocked_Out_Loaded" title="Knocked Out Loaded">Knocked Out Loaded</a></i>, an album containing three cover songs (by Little <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Parker" title="Junior Parker">Junior Parker</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a> and the traditional gospel hymn "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precious_Memories" title="Precious Memories">Precious Memories</a>"), three collaborations with other writers (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Shepard" title="Sam Shepard">Sam Shepard</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a>), and two solo compositions by Dylan. One reviewer commented that "the record follows too many detours to be consistently compelling, and some of those detours wind down roads that are indisputably dead ends. By 1986, such uneven records weren't entirely unexpected by Dylan, but that didn't make them any less frustrating."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-169"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-169"><span>[</span>170<span>]</span></a></sup> It was the first Dylan album since <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Freewheelin%27_Bob_Dylan" title="The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan">Freewheelin'</a></i> (1963) to fail to make the Top 50.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-170"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-170"><span>[</span>171<span>]</span></a></sup> Since then, some critics have called the 11-minute epic that Dylan co-wrote with Sam Shepard, '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsville_Girl" title="Brownsville Girl">Brownsville Girl</a>', a work of genius.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-171"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-171"><span>[</span>172<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1986 and 1987, Dylan toured extensively with Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers, sharing vocals with Petty on several songs each night. Dylan also toured with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">The Grateful Dead</a> in 1987, resulting in a live album <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_%26_The_Dead" title="Dylan & The Dead">Dylan & The Dead</a></i>. This album received some very negative reviews: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmusic" title="Allmusic">Allmusic</a></i> said, "Quite possibly the worst album by either Bob Dylan or the Grateful Dead."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-172"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-172"><span>[</span>173<span>]</span></a></sup> After performing with these musical permutations, Dylan initiated what came to be called The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Ending_Tour" title="Never Ending Tour">Never Ending Tour</a> on June 7, 1988, performing with a tight back-up band featuring guitarist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._E._Smith" title="G. E. Smith">G. E. Smith</a>. Dylan continued to tour with this small but constantly evolving band for the next 20 years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbctimeline_61-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-bbctimeline-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 262px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="168" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto2.jpg/260px-Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto2.jpg" width="260" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto2.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan in Toronto April 18, 1980<br />
Photo: Jean-Luc Ourlin</div></div></div>In 1987, Dylan starred in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Marquand" title="Richard Marquand">Richard Marquand</a>'s movie <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearts_of_Fire" title="Hearts of Fire">Hearts of Fire</a></i>, in which he played Billy Parker, a washed-up-rock-star-turned-chicken farmer whose teenage lover (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiona_%28singer%29" title="Fiona (singer)">Fiona</a>) leaves him for a jaded English synth-pop sensation (played by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Everett" title="Rupert Everett">Rupert Everett</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-173"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-173"><span>[</span>174<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan also contributed two original songs to the soundtrack—"Night After Night", and "I Had a Dream About You, Baby", as well as a cover of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hiatt" title="John Hiatt">John Hiatt</a>'s "The Usual". The film was a critical and commercial flop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-174"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-174"><span>[</span>175<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan was inducted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in January 1988. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>'s induction speech declared: "Bob freed your mind the way Elvis freed your body. He showed us that just because music was innately physical did not mean that it was anti-intellectual.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-175"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-175"><span>[</span>176<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan then released the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_in_the_Groove" title="Down in the Groove">Down in the Groove</a></i>, which was even more unsuccessful in its sales than his previous studio album.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes_385_176-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes_385-176"><span>[</span>177<span>]</span></a></sup> Michael Gray wrote: "The very title undercuts any idea that inspired work may lie within. Here was a further devaluing of the notion of a new Bob Dylan album as something significant."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gray_2000.2C_p._13_177-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Gray_2000.2C_p._13-177"><span>[</span>178<span>]</span></a></sup> Later that spring, Dylan was a co-founder and member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_Wilburys" title="Traveling Wilburys">Traveling Wilburys</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Lynne" title="Jeff Lynne">Jeff Lynne</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Petty" title="Tom Petty">Tom Petty</a> returning to the album charts with the multi-platinum selling <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_Wilburys_Vol._1" title="Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1">Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sounes_385_176-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Sounes_385-176"><span>[</span>177<span>]</span></a></sup> Despite Orbison's death in December 1988, the remaining four recorded a second album in May 1990, which they released with the unexpected title <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_Wilburys_Vol._3" title="Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3">Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-178"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-178"><span>[</span>179<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan finished the decade on a critical high note with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Mercy" title="Oh Mercy">Oh Mercy</a></i> produced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Lanois" title="Daniel Lanois">Daniel Lanois</a>. Dylan critic Michael Gray wrote that the album was: "Attentively written, vocally distinctive, musically warm, and uncompromisingly professional, this cohesive whole is the nearest thing to a great Bob Dylan album in the 1980s."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Gray_2000.2C_p._13_177-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Gray_2000.2C_p._13-177"><span>[</span>178<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-179"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-179"><span>[</span>180<span>]</span></a></sup> The track "Most of the Time", a lost love composition, was later prominently featured in the film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Fidelity_%28film%29" title="High Fidelity (film)">High Fidelity</a></i>, while "What Was It You Wanted?" has been interpreted both as a catechism and a wry comment on the expectations of critics and fans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-180"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-180"><span>[</span>181<span>]</span></a></sup> The religious imagery of "Ring Them Bells" struck some critics as a re-affirmation of faith.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-181"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-181"><span>[</span>182<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1990s">1990s</span></h3>Dylan's 1990s began with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Red_Sky" title="Under the Red Sky">Under the Red Sky</a></i> (1990), an about-face from the serious <i>Oh Mercy</i>. The album contained several apparently simple songs, including "Under the Red Sky" and "Wiggle Wiggle". The album was dedicated to "Gabby Goo Goo"; this was later explained as a nickname for the daughter of Dylan and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Dennis" title="Carolyn Dennis">Carolyn Dennis</a>, Desiree Gabrielle Dennis-Dylan, who was four at that time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-182"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-182"><span>[</span>183<span>]</span></a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidemen" title="Sidemen">Sidemen</a> on the album included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_%28musician%29" title="Slash (musician)">Slash</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Crosby" title="David Crosby">David Crosby</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Hornsby" title="Bruce Hornsby">Bruce Hornsby</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan" title="Stevie Ray Vaughan">Stevie Ray Vaughan</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>. Despite the stellar line-up, the record received bad reviews and sold poorly.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-183"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-183"><span>[</span>184<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In 1991, Dylan was honored by the recording industry with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-184"><span>[</span>185<span>]</span></a></sup> The event coincided with the start of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, and Dylan performed his song "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masters_of_War" title="Masters of War">Masters of War</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin-664_185-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin-664-185"><span>[</span>186<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan then made a short speech that startled some of the audience.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Heylin-664_185-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Heylin-664-185"><span>[</span>186<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The next few years saw Dylan returning to his roots with two albums covering old folk and blues numbers: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_as_I_Been_to_You" title="Good as I Been to You">Good as I Been to You</a></i> (1992) and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Gone_Wrong" title="World Gone Wrong">World Gone Wrong</a></i> (1993), featuring interpretations and acoustic guitar work. Many critics and fans commented on the quiet beauty of the song "Lone Pilgrim",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-186"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-186"><span>[</span>187<span>]</span></a></sup> penned by a 19th century teacher and sung by Dylan with a haunting reverence. In November 1994 Dylan recorded two live shows for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Unplugged" title="MTV Unplugged">MTV Unplugged</a></i>. He claimed his wish to perform a set of traditional songs for the show was overruled by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> executives who insisted on a greatest hits package.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-187"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-187"><span>[</span>188<span>]</span></a></sup> The album produced from it, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_%28Bob_Dylan_album%29" title="MTV Unplugged (Bob Dylan album)">MTV Unplugged</a></i>, included "John Brown", an unreleased 1963 song detailing the ravages of both war and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">jingoism</a>.<br />
<div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 272px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:B_dylan_1996.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="168" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/B_dylan_1996.jpg/270px-B_dylan_1996.jpg" width="270" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:B_dylan_1996.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan performs at a 1996 concert in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></div></div></div>With a collection of songs reportedly written while snowed-in on his Minnesota ranch,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-188"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-188"><span>[</span>189<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan booked recording time with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Lanois" title="Daniel Lanois">Daniel Lanois</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_Studios" title="Criteria Studios">Criteria Studios</a> in January 1997. The subsequent recording sessions were, by some accounts, fraught with musical tension.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-189"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-189"><span>[</span>190<span>]</span></a></sup> Late that spring, before the album's release, Dylan was hospitalized with a life-threatening heart infection, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericarditis" title="Pericarditis">pericarditis</a>, brought on by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">histoplasmosis</a>. His scheduled European tour was cancelled, but Dylan made a speedy recovery and left the hospital saying, "I really thought I'd be seeing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis</a> soon."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-190"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-190"><span>[</span>191<span>]</span></a></sup> He was back on the road by midsummer, and in early fall performed before <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> at the World Eucharistic Conference in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy. The Pope treated the audience of 200,000 people to a sermon based on Dylan's lyric "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Blowin' in the Wind</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-191"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-191"><span>[</span>192<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
September saw the release of the new Lanois-produced album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Out_of_Mind" title="Time Out of Mind">Time Out of Mind</a></i>. With its bitter assessment of love and morbid ruminations, Dylan's first collection of original songs in seven years was highly acclaimed. One critic wrote: "the songs themselves are uniformly powerful, adding up to Dylan's best overall collection in years."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-192"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-192"><span>[</span>193<span>]</span></a></sup> This collection of complex songs won him his first solo "Album of the Year" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-193"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-193"><span>[</span>194<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In December 1997, U.S. President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> presented Dylan with a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Center" title="Kennedy Center">Kennedy Center</a> Honor in the East Room of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, paying this tribute: "He probably had more impact on people of my generation than any other creative artist. His voice and lyrics haven't always been easy on the ear, but throughout his career Bob Dylan has never aimed to please. He's disturbed the peace and discomforted the powerful."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-194"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-194"><span>[</span>195<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2000s">2000s</span></h3><table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div class="center"> <div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"> <div class="haudio"> <div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Things_Have_Changed.ogg" title="File:Things Have Changed.ogg">"Things Have Changed"</a></div><div> <div id="ogg_player_7" style="width: 220px;"> <div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_7", "videoUrl": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Things_Have_Changed.ogg", "width": 220, "height": 35, "length": "21", "linkUrl": "/wiki/File:Things_Have_Changed.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Dylan's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a> winning song was featured in the movie <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_Boys_%28film%29" title="Wonder Boys (film)">Wonder Boys</a></i>. The line "sapphire-tinted skies" echoes the verse of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelley</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-195"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-195"><span>[</span>196<span>]</span></a></sup> while "forty miles of bad road" echoes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane_Eddy" title="Duane Eddy">Duane Eddy's</a> hit single.</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>Dylan commenced the new millennium by winning his first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a>; his song "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Things_Have_Changed" title="Things Have Changed">Things Have Changed</a>", penned for the film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_Boys_%28film%29" title="Wonder Boys (film)">Wonder Boys</a></i>, won an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Song">Academy Award</a> in March 2001.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-196"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-196"><span>[</span>197<span>]</span></a></sup> The Oscar (by some reports a facsimile) tours with him, presiding over shows perched atop an amplifier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-197"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-197"><span>[</span>198<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Love_and_Theft%22" title=""Love and Theft"">"Love and Theft"</a></i> was released on September 11, 2001. Recorded with his touring band, Dylan produced the album himself under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> Jack Frost.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-198"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-198"><span>[</span>199<span>]</span></a></sup> The album was critically well-received and earned nominations for several Grammy awards.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-199"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-199"><span>[</span>200<span>]</span></a></sup> Critics noted that Dylan was widening his musical palette to include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a>, Western swing, jazz, and even lounge ballads.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-200"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-200"><span>[</span>201<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In 2003, Dylan revisited the evangelical songs from his "born again" period and participated in the CD project <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotta_Serve_Somebody:_The_Gospel_Songs_of_Bob_Dylan" title="Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan">Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan</a></i>. That year also saw the release of the film <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masked_%26_Anonymous" title="Masked & Anonymous">Masked & Anonymous</a></i>, a collaboration with TV producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Charles" title="Larry Charles">Larry Charles</a> that had Dylan appearing in a cast of well-knowns, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_Cruz" title="Penelope Cruz">Penelope Cruz</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Goodman" title="John Goodman">John Goodman</a>. The film polarised critics: many dismissed it as an "incoherent mess";<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-201"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-201"><span>[</span>202<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-202"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-202"><span>[</span>203<span>]</span></a></sup> a few treated it as a serious work of art.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-203"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-203"><span>[</span>204<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Masked_204-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Masked-204"><span>[</span>205<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 242px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_Bologna_Nov_05_concert.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="180" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bob_Dylan_Bologna_Nov_05_concert.jpg/240px-Bob_Dylan_Bologna_Nov_05_concert.jpg" width="240" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_Bologna_Nov_05_concert.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Performing in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, November 2005</div></div></div>In October 2004, Dylan published the first part of his autobiography, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicles:_Volume_One" title="Chronicles: Volume One">Chronicles: Volume One</a></i>. The book confounded expectations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Maslin_205-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Maslin-205"><span>[</span>206<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan devoted three chapters to his first year in New York City in 1961–1962, virtually ignoring the mid-'60s when his fame was at its height. He also devoted chapters to the albums <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Morning" title="New Morning">New Morning</a></i> (1970) and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Mercy" title="Oh Mercy">Oh Mercy</a></i> (1989). The book reached number two on <i>The New York Times'</i> Hardcover Non-Fiction best seller list in December 2004 and was nominated for a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-206"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-206"><span>[</span>207<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>'s acclaimed film biography <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Direction_Home" title="No Direction Home">No Direction Home</a></i> was broadcast in September 2005.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-207"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-207"><span>[</span>208<span>]</span></a></sup> It was shown on September 26–27, 2005, on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> in the UK and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> in the US.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-208"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-208"><span>[</span>209<span>]</span></a></sup> The documentary focuses on the period from Dylan's arrival in New York in 1961 to his motorcycle crash in 1966, featuring interviews with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suze_Rotolo" title="Suze Rotolo">Suze Rotolo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Clancy" title="Liam Clancy">Liam Clancy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavis_Staples" title="Mavis Staples">Mavis Staples</a>, and Dylan himself. The film received a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peabody_Award" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> in April 2006<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-209"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-209"><span>[</span>210<span>]</span></a></sup> and a Columbia-duPont Award in January 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-210"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-210"><span>[</span>211<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bootleg_Series_Vol._7:_No_Direction_Home:_The_Soundtrack" title="The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack">accompanying soundtrack</a> featured unreleased songs from Dylan's early career.<br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Modern_Times_.282006.E2.80.9308.29"><i>Modern Times</i> (2006–08)</span></h4><div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dylan2_Spectrum.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="140" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Dylan2_Spectrum.jpg/300px-Dylan2_Spectrum.jpg" width="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dylan2_Spectrum.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan, the Spectrum, 2007</div></div></div>May 3, 2006, was the premiere of Dylan's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">DJ</a> career, hosting a weekly radio program, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_Time_Radio_Hour" title="Theme Time Radio Hour">Theme Time Radio Hour</a></i>, for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a>, with song selections revolving around a chosen theme.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-211"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-211"><span>[</span>212<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-212"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-212"><span>[</span>213<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan played classic and obscure records from the 1930s to the present day, including contemporary artists as diverse as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blur_%28band%29" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_%28musician%29" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.L._Cool_J" title="L.L. Cool J">L.L. Cool J</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Streets" title="The Streets">The Streets</a>. The show was praised by fans and critics as "great radio," as Dylan told stories and made eclectic references with his sardonic humor, while achieving a thematic beauty with his musical choices.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-213"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-213"><span>[</span>214<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-214"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-214"><span>[</span>215<span>]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, Dylan broadcast the 100th show in his radio series; the theme was "Goodbye" and the final record played was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie's</a> "So Long, It's Been Good To Know Yuh". This has led to speculation that Dylan's radio series may have ended.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-215"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-215"><span>[</span>216<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
On August 29, 2006, Dylan released his <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Times_%28Bob_Dylan_album%29" title="Modern Times (Bob Dylan album)">Modern Times</a></i> album. Despite some coarsening of Dylan’s voice (a critic for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> characterised his singing on the album as "a catarrhal death rattle"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-216"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-216"><span>[</span>217<span>]</span></a></sup>) most reviewers praised the album, and many described it as the final installment of a successful trilogy, embracing <i>Time Out of Mind</i> and <i>"Love and Theft"</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-217"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-217"><span>[</span>218<span>]</span></a></sup> <i>Modern Times</i> entered the U.S. charts at number one, making it Dylan's first album to reach that position since 1976's <i>Desire</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-218"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-218"><span>[</span>219<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Nominated for three <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, <i>Modern Times</i> won <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Folk_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album">Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album</a> and Bob Dylan also won <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rock_Vocal_Performance,_Solo" title="Grammy Award for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo">Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance</a> for "Someday Baby". <i>Modern Times</i> was named Album of the Year, 2006, by <i>Rolling Stone</i> magazine,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-219"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-219"><span>[</span>220<span>]</span></a></sup> and by <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncut_%28magazine%29" title="Uncut (magazine)">Uncut</a></i> in the UK.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-220"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-220"><span>[</span>221<span>]</span></a></sup> On the same day that <i>Modern Times</i> was released the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes_Music_Store" title="ITunes Music Store">iTunes Music Store</a> released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan:_The_Collection" title="Bob Dylan: The Collection">Bob Dylan: The Collection</a></i>, a digital box set containing all of his albums (773 tracks in total), along with 42 rare and unreleased tracks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-221"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-221"><span>[</span>222<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In August 2007, the award-winning film biography of Dylan <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_Not_There" title="I'm Not There">I'm Not There</a></i>, written and directed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a>, was released—bearing the tagline "inspired by the music and many lives of Bob Dylan".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-222"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-222"><span>[</span>223<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Variety-07_223-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Variety-07-223"><span>[</span>224<span>]</span></a></sup> The movie uses six distinct characters to represent different aspects of Dylan's life, played by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Bale" title="Christian Bale">Christian Bale</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Carl_Franklin" title="Marcus Carl Franklin">Marcus Carl Franklin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Whishaw" title="Ben Whishaw">Ben Whishaw</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Variety-07_223-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Variety-07-223"><span>[</span>224<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-224"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-224"><span>[</span>225<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan's previously unreleased 1967 recording from which the film takes its name<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-225"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-225"><span>[</span>226<span>]</span></a></sup> was released for the first time on the film's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_Not_There_%28soundtrack%29" title="I'm Not There (soundtrack)">original soundtrack</a>; all other tracks are covers of Dylan songs, specially recorded for the movie by a diverse range of artists, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Vedder" title="Eddie Vedder">Eddie Vedder</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Malkmus" title="Stephen Malkmus">Stephen Malkmus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Tweedy" title="Jeff Tweedy">Jeff Tweedy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Power" title="Cat Power">Cat Power</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Havens" title="Richie Havens">Richie Havens</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Verlaine" title="Tom Verlaine">Tom Verlaine</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-226"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-226"><span>[</span>227<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 242px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="180" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto.jpg/240px-Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto.jpg" width="240" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_in_Toronto.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Bob Dylan performs at Air Canada Centre, Toronto, November 7, 2006</div></div></div>On October 1, 2007, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> released the triple CD retrospective album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_%282007_album%29" title="Dylan (2007 album)">Dylan</a></i>, anthologising his entire career under the <i>Dylan 07</i> logo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-227"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-227"><span>[</span>228<span>]</span></a></sup> As part of this campaign, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a> produced a re-mix of Dylan's 1966 tune "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Likely_You_Go_Your_Way_%28And_I%27ll_Go_Mine%29" title="Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)">Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)</a>," which was released as a maxi-single. This was the first time Dylan had sanctioned a re-mix of one of his classic recordings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-228"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-228"><span>[</span>229<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The sophistication of the <i>Dylan 07</i> marketing campaign was a reminder that Dylan’s commercial profile had risen considerably since the 1990s. This first became evidenced in 2004, when Dylan appeared in a TV advertisement for <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%E2%80%99s_Secret" title="Victoria’s Secret">Victoria’s Secret</a> lingerie<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-229"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-229"><span>[</span>230<span>]</span></a></sup>. Three years later, in October 2007, he participated in a multi-media campaign for the 2008 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Escalade" title="Cadillac Escalade">Cadillac Escalade</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-230"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-230"><span>[</span>231<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-231"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-231"><span>[</span>232<span>]</span></a></sup> Then, in 2009, he gave the highest profile endorsement of his career, appearing with rapper <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">Will.i.am</a> in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi" title="Pepsi">Pepsi</a> ad that debuted during the telecast of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLIII" title="Super Bowl XLIII">Super Bowl XLIII</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-232"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-232"><span>[</span>233<span>]</span></a></sup> The ad, broadcast to a record audience of 98 million viewers, opened with Dylan singing the first verse of "Forever Young" followed by Will.i.am doing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> version of the song's third and final verse.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-233"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-233"><span>[</span>234<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Over a decade after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> had published <i>Drawn Blank</i> (1994), a book of Dylan's drawings, an exhibit of his art, <i>The Drawn Blank Series</i>, opened in October 2007 at the Kunstsammlungen in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>, Germany.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Chemnitz_Independent_234-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Chemnitz_Independent-234"><span>[</span>235<span>]</span></a></sup> This first public exhibition of Dylan's paintings showcased more than 200 watercolors and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouache" title="Gouache">gouaches</a> made earlier in 2007 from the original drawings. The exhibition's opening also premiered the release of the book <i>Bob Dylan: The Drawn Blank Series</i>, which includes 170 reproductions from the series.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Chemnitz_Independent_234-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Chemnitz_Independent-234"><span>[</span>235<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-235"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-235"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-236"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-236"><span>[</span>237<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In October 2008, Columbia released Volume 8 of Dylan's <i>Bootleg Series</i>, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Tale_Signs:_Rare_And_Unreleased_1989-2006" title="Tell Tale Signs: Rare And Unreleased 1989-2006">Tell Tale Signs: Rare And Unreleased 1989-2006</a></i> as both a two-CD set and a three-CD version with a 150-page hardcover book. The set contains live performances and outtakes from selected studio albums from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Mercy" title="Oh Mercy">Oh Mercy</a></i> to <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Times_%28Bob_Dylan_album%29" title="Modern Times (Bob Dylan album)">Modern Times</a></i>, as well as soundtrack contributions and collaborations with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bromberg" title="David Bromberg">David Bromberg</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-237"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-237"><span>[</span>238<span>]</span></a></sup> The pricing of the album—the two-CD set went on sale for $18.99 and the three-CD version for $129.99—led to complaints about "rip-off packaging" from some fans and commentators.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-238"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-238"><span>[</span>239<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-239"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-239"><span>[</span>240<span>]</span></a></sup> The release was widely acclaimed by critics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-240"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-240"><span>[</span>241<span>]</span></a></sup> The plethora of alternative takes and unreleased material suggested to <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncut_%28magazine%29" title="Uncut (magazine)">Uncut</a>'</i>s reviewer: "<i>Tell Tale Signs</i> is awash with evidence of (Dylan's) staggering mercuriality, his evident determination even in the studio to repeat himself as little as possible."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-241"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-241"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Together_Through_Life_and_Christmas_In_The_Heart_.282009.29"><i>Together Through Life</i> and <i>Christmas In The Heart</i> (2009)</span></h4>Bob Dylan released his album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Together_Through_Life" title="Together Through Life">Together Through Life</a></i> on April 28, 2009. In a conversation with music journalist Bill Flanagan, published on Dylan's website, Dylan explained that the genesis of the record was when French film director <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Dahan" title="Olivier Dahan">Olivier Dahan</a> asked him to supply a song for his new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">road movie</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Own_Love_Song" title="My Own Love Song">My Own Love Song</a></i>; initially only intending to record a single track, "Life Is Hard," "the record sort of took its own direction". Nine of the ten songs on the album are credited as co-written by Bob Dylan and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hunter_%28lyricist%29" title="Robert Hunter (lyricist)">Robert Hunter</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-242"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-242"><span>[</span>243<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The album received largely favourable reviews,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-243"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-243"><span>[</span>244<span>]</span></a></sup> although several critics described it as a minor addition to Dylan's canon of work. Andy Gill wrote in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> that the record "features Dylan in fairly relaxed, spontaneous mood, content to grab such grooves and sentiments as flit momentarily across his radar. So while it may not contain too many landmark tracks, it's one of the most naturally enjoyable albums you'll hear all year."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-244"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-244"><span>[</span>245<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In its first week of release, the album reached number one in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> chart in the U.S.,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Caulfield.2C_Keith_245-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Caulfield.2C_Keith-245"><span>[</span>246<span>]</span></a></sup> making Bob Dylan (67 years of age) the oldest artist to ever debut at number one on that chart.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Caulfield.2C_Keith_245-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Caulfield.2C_Keith-245"><span>[</span>246<span>]</span></a></sup> It also reached number one on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_album_chart" title="UK album chart">UK album chart</a>, 39 years after Dylan's previous UK album chart topper <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Morning" title="New Morning">New Morning</a></i>. This meant that Dylan currently holds the record for the longest gap between solo number one albums in the UK chart.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBCApril09_246-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-BBCApril09-246"><span>[</span>247<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
On October 13, 2009, Dylan released a Christmas album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Heart" title="Christmas in the Heart">Christmas in the Heart</a></i>, comprising such Christmas standards as "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Drummer_Boy" title="Little Drummer Boy">Little Drummer Boy</a>", "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Wonderland" title="Winter Wonderland">Winter Wonderland</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_Comes_Santa_Claus" title="Here Comes Santa Claus">Here Comes Santa Claus</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-247"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-247"><span>[</span>248<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan's royalties from the sale of this album will benefit the charities <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeding_America" title="Feeding America">Feeding America</a> in the USA, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_%28charity%29" title="Crisis (charity)">Crisis</a> in the UK, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UK_Fundraising_248-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-UK_Fundraising-248"><span>[</span>249<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The album received generally favourable reviews.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-249"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-249"><span>[</span>250<span>]</span></a></sup><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> commented that Dylan had welded a pre-rock musical sound to "some of his croakiest vocals in a while", and speculated that Dylan's intentions might be ironic: "Dylan has a long and highly publicized history with Christianity; to claim there's not a wink in the childish optimism of 'Here Comes Santa Claus' or 'Winter Wonderland' is to ignore a half-century of biting satire."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-250"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-250"><span>[</span>251<span>]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna_Gundersen" title="Edna Gundersen">Edna Gundersen</a> pointed out that Dylan was "revisiting yuletide styles popularized by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a>, and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Conniff_Singers" title="Ray Conniff Singers">Ray Conniff Singers</a>." Gundersen concluded that Dylan "couldn't sound more sentimental or sincere".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-251"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-251"><span>[</span>252<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In an interview published by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_News_Service" title="Street News Service">Street News Service</a>, journalist Bill Flanagan asked Dylan why he had performed the songs in a straightforward style, and Dylan responded: "There wasn’t any other way to play it. These songs are part of my life, just like folk songs. You have to play them straight too."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-252"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-252"><span>[</span>253<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Never_Ending_Tour">Never Ending Tour</span></h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Ending_Tour" title="Never Ending Tour">Never Ending Tour</a></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 282px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bibdylan.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="218" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bibdylan.JPG/280px-Bibdylan.JPG" width="280" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bibdylan.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Bob Dylan (right on keyboards) at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roskilde_Festival" title="Roskilde Festival">Roskilde Festival</a>, 2006</div></div></div>The Never Ending Tour commenced on June 7, 1988,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-253"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-253"><span>[</span>254<span>]</span></a></sup> and Dylan has played roughly 100 dates a year for the entirety of the 1990s and the 2000s—a heavier schedule than most performers who started out in the 1960s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-254"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-254"><span>[</span>255<span>]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2009, Dylan and his band had played more than 2200 shows,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-255"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-255"><span>[</span>256<span>]</span></a></sup> anchored by long-time bassist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Garnier_%28musician%29" title="Tony Garnier (musician)">Tony Garnier</a>, multi-instrumentalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Campbell_%28musician%29" title="Larry Campbell (musician)">Larry Campbell</a>, and filled out with talented sidemen. To the dismay of some of his audience,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-256"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-256"><span>[</span>257<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan's performances remain unpredictable as he alters his arrangements and changes his vocal approach night after night.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-257"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-257"><span>[</span>258<span>]</span></a></sup> Critical opinion about Dylan’s shows remains divided. Critics such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Williams_%28journalist%29" title="Richard Williams (journalist)">Richard Williams</a> and Andy Gill have argued that Dylan has found a successful way to present his rich legacy of material.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-258"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-258"><span>[</span>259<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-259"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-259"><span>[</span>260<span>]</span></a></sup> Others have criticised his vocal style as a "one-dimensional growl with which he chews up, mangles and spits out the greatest lyrics ever written so that they are effectively unrecognisable",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-260"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-260"><span>[</span>261<span>]</span></a></sup> and his lack of interest in bonding with his audience.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-261"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-261"><span>[</span>262<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan commenced his 2010 tour by playing concerts in Japan and South Korea. He followed this with a set of shows in Europe from May to July, starting in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and ending in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, Ireland. Dylan's website has announced a tour of the US in August and September.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-262"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-262"><span>[</span>263<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2><h3><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Family">Family</span></h3>Dylan married <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Dylan" title="Sara Dylan">Sara Lownds</a> on November 22, 1965. Their first child, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Dylan" title="Jesse Dylan">Jesse Byron Dylan</a>, was born on January 6, 1966, and they had three more children: Anna Lea, Samuel Isaac Abraham, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Dylan" title="Jakob Dylan">Jakob Luke</a> (born December 9, 1969). Dylan also adopted Sara's daughter from a prior marriage, Maria Lownds (later Dylan), (born October 21, 1961 now married to musician <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Himmelman" title="Peter Himmelman">Peter Himmelman</a>). In the 1990s his son Jakob became well known as the lead singer of the band <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wallflowers" title="The Wallflowers">The Wallflowers</a>. Jesse Dylan is a film director and a successful businessman. Bob and Sara Dylan were divorced on June 29, 1977.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-263"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-263"><span>[</span>264<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In June 1986, Dylan married his longtime backup singer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Dennis" title="Carolyn Dennis">Carolyn Dennis</a> (often professionally known as Carol Dennis).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-264"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-264"><span>[</span>265<span>]</span></a></sup> Their daughter, Desiree Gabrielle Dennis-Dylan, was born on January 31, 1986. The couple divorced in October 1992. Their marriage and child remained a closely guarded secret until the publication of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Sounes" title="Howard Sounes">Howard Sounes</a>' Dylan biography, <i>Down the Highway: The Life Of Bob Dylan</i> in 2001.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-265"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-265"><span>[</span>266<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan now lives in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malibu,_California" title="Malibu, California">Malibu, California</a>, when not on the road.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indMarch2009_266-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-indMarch2009-266"><span>[</span>267<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Religious_beliefs">Religious beliefs</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 232px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_1984.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="345" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bob_Dylan_1984.jpg/230px-Bob_Dylan_1984.jpg" width="230" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Dylan_1984.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Dylan touring in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Netherlands" title="The Netherlands">The Netherlands</a>, in 1984</div></div></div>Growing up in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbing,_Minnesota" title="Hibbing, Minnesota">Hibbing, Minnesota</a>, Dylan and his parents were part of the area's small but close-knit Jewish community, and in May 1954 Dylan had his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_and_Bat_Mitzvah" title="Bar and Bat Mitzvah">Bar Mitzvah</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-267"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-267"><span>[</span>268<span>]</span></a></sup> However, for a period during the late 1970s and early 1980s, Bob Dylan publicly converted to Christianity. From January to April 1979, Dylan participated in Bible study classes at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Vineyard School of Discipleship</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reseda,_California" title="Reseda, California">Reseda, California</a>. Pastor Kenn Gulliksen has recalled: "Larry Myers and Paul Emond went over to Bob’s house and ministered to him. He responded by saying, 'Yes he did in fact want Christ in his life.' And he prayed that day and received the Lord."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-268"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-268"><span>[</span>269<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-269"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-269"><span>[</span>270<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
By 1984, Dylan was deliberately distancing himself from the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again_%28Christianity%29" title="Born again (Christianity)">born-again</a>" label. He told <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Loder" title="Kurt Loder">Kurt Loder</a> of <i>Rolling Stone</i> magazine: "I've never said I'm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again_%28Christianity%29" title="Born again (Christianity)">born again</a>. That's just a media term. I don't think I've been an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a>. I've always thought there's a superior power, that this is not the real world and that there's a world to come."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-270"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-270"><span>[</span>271<span>]</span></a></sup> Since his trilogy of Christian albums, Dylan's faith has been a subject of scrutiny. In 1997 he told <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gates_%28author%29" title="David Gates (author)">David Gates</a> of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote"> <div>Here's the thing with me and the religious thing. This is the flat-out truth: I find the religiosity and philosophy in the music. I don't find it anywhere else. Songs like "Let Me Rest on a Peaceful Mountain" or "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Saw_the_Light_%28Hank_Williams_song%29" title="I Saw the Light (Hank Williams song)">I Saw the Light</a>"—that's my religion. I don't adhere to rabbis, preachers, evangelists, all of that. I've learned more from the songs than I've learned from any of this kind of entity. The songs are my lexicon. I believe the songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Newsweek97_7-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Newsweek97-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></div></blockquote>In response to a question from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Loder" title="Kurt Loder">Kurt Loder</a> in a 1984 <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> interview as to whether he belonged to any Church or synagogue, Dylan laughingly replied, "Not really. Uh, the Church of the Poison Mind."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-271"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-271"><span>[</span>272<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
In an interview published in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> on September 28, 1997, journalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Jon Pareles</a> reported that "Dylan says he now subscribes to no organized religion."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-272"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-272"><span>[</span>273<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan has been described, in the last 20 years, as a supporter of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabad_Lubavitch" title="Chabad Lubavitch">Chabad Lubavitch</a> movement<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-273"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-273"><span>[</span>274<span>]</span></a></sup> and has privately participated in Jewish religious events, including the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_mitzvah" title="Bar mitzvah">bar mitzvahs</a> of his sons and attending <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadar_Hatorah" title="Hadar Hatorah">Hadar Hatorah</a> a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabad_Lubavitch" title="Chabad Lubavitch">Chabad Lubavitch</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a>. Subsequently, Jewish news services have reported that Dylan has "shown up" a few times at various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a> for services at various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad synagogues</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-274"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-274"><span>[</span>275<span>]</span></a></sup> For example, he attended Congregation Beth Tefillah, in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a> on September 22, 2007 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>), where he was called to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> for the sixth <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah_reading#Aliyot" title="Torah reading">aliyah</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-275"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-275"><span>[</span>276<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan has continued to perform songs from his gospel albums in concert, occasionally covering traditional religious songs. He has also made passing references to his religious faith—such as in a 2004 interview with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i>, when he told <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Bradley" title="Ed Bradley">Ed Bradley</a> that "the only person you have to think twice about lying to is either yourself or to God." He also explained his constant touring schedule as part of a bargain he made a long time ago with the "chief commander—in this earth and in the world we can't see."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60minutes2005_30-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-60minutes2005-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>Bob Dylan has been described as one of the most influential figures of the 20th century, musically and culturally. Dylan was included in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century</a> where he was called "master poet, caustic social critic and intrepid, guiding spirit of the counterculture generation".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-276"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-276"><span>[</span>277<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Sounes" title="Howard Sounes">Howard Sounes</a>, the biographer of Bob Dylan, placed him among the most exalted company when he said, "There are giant figures in art who are sublimely good—<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickens" title="Dickens">Dickens</a>. Dylan ranks alongside these artists."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fuss_277-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-fuss-277"><span>[</span>278<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Initially modelling his style on the songs of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-278"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-278"><span>[</span>279<span>]</span></a></sup> and lessons learnt from the blues of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Johnson_%28musician%29" title="Robert Johnson (musician)">Robert Johnson</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-279"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-279"><span>[</span>280<span>]</span></a></sup> Dylan added increasingly sophisticated lyrical techniques to the folk music of the early 60s, infusing it "with the intellectualism of classic literature and poetry".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-280"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-280"><span>[</span>281<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> suggested that Dylan's early compositions virtually took over the folk genre: "[Dylan's] early songs were very rich ... with strong melodies. '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind" title="Blowin' in the Wind">Blowin' in the Wind</a>' has a really strong melody. He so enlarged himself through the folk background that he incorporated it for a while. He defined the genre for a while."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-281"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-281"><span>[</span>282<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
When Dylan made his move from acoustic music to a rock backing, the mix became more complex. For many critics, Dylan's greatest achievement was the cultural synthesis exemplified by his mid-'60s trilogy of albums—<i>Bringing It All Back Home</i>, <i>Highway 61 Revisited</i> and <i>Blonde on Blonde</i>. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Marqusee" title="Mike Marqusee">Mike Marqusee</a>'s words: "Between late 1964 and the summer of 1966, Dylan created a body of work that remains unique. Drawing on folk, blues, country, R&B, rock'n'roll, gospel, British beat, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolist_poetry" title="Symbolist poetry">symbolist</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernist_poetry_in_English" title="Modernist poetry in English">modernist</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_poetry" title="Beat poetry">Beat poetry</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a>, advertising jargon and social commentary, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_magazine" title="Mad magazine"><i>Mad</i> magazine</a>, he forged a coherent and original artistic voice and vision. The beauty of these albums retains the power to shock and console."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-282"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-282"><span>[</span>283<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
One legacy of Dylan’s verbal sophistication was the increasing attention paid by literary critics to his lyrics. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Professor Christopher Ricks</a> published a 500 page analysis of Dylan’s work, placing him in the context of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" title="Alfred Tennyson">Tennyson</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-283"><span>[</span>284<span>]</span></a></sup> and claiming that Dylan was a poet worthy of the same close and painstaking analysis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-284"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-284"><span>[</span>285<span>]</span></a></sup> Former British <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poet_laureate" title="Poet laureate">poet laureate</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Motion" title="Andrew Motion">Andrew Motion</a>, argued that Bob Dylan’s lyrics should be studied in schools.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-285"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-285"><span>[</span>286<span>]</span></a></sup> Since 1996, academics have lobbied the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> to award Dylan the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-286"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-286"><span>[</span>287<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-287"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-287"><span>[</span>288<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-288"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-288"><span>[</span>289<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-289"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-289"><span>[</span>290<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan’s voice was, in some ways, as startling as his lyrics. New York Times critic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Shelton_%28critic%29" title="Robert Shelton (critic)">Robert Shelton</a> described Dylan's early vocal style as "a rusty voice suggesting Guthrie's old performances, etched in gravel like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Van_Ronk" title="Dave Van Ronk">Dave Van Ronk's</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-290"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-290"><span>[</span>291<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, in his tribute, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_for_Bob_Dylan" title="Song for Bob Dylan">Song for Bob Dylan</a>", described Dylan's singing as "a voice of sand and glue". Dylan's voice continued to develop as he began to work with rock'n'roll backing bands; critic Michael Gray described the sound of Dylan's vocal on his hit single, "Like a Rolling Stone", as "at once young and jeeringly cynical".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-291"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-291"><span>[</span>292<span>]</span></a></sup> As Dylan's voice aged during the 1980s, for some critics, it became more expressive. Christophe Lebold writes in the journal <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_Tradition_Journal" title="Oral Tradition Journal">Oral Tradition</a></i>, "Dylan’s more recent broken voice enables him to present a world view at the sonic surface of the songs—this voice carries us across the landscape of a broken, fallen world. The anatomy of a broken world in "Everything is Broken" (on the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Mercy" title="Oh Mercy">Oh Mercy</a></i>) is but an example of how the thematic concern with all things broken is grounded in a concrete sonic reality."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-292"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-292"><span>[</span>293<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Dylan's influence has been felt in several musical genres. As Edna Gundersen stated in <i>USA Today</i>: "Dylan's musical DNA has informed nearly every simple twist of pop since 1962."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-293"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-293"><span>[</span>294<span>]</span></a></sup> Many musicians have testified to Dylan's influence, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Strummer" title="Joe Strummer">Joe Strummer</a>, who praised Dylan as having "laid down the template for lyric, tune, seriousness, spirituality, depth of rock music."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-294"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-294"><span>[</span>295<span>]</span></a></sup> Other major musicians to have acknowledged Dylan's importance include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-295"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-295"><span>[</span>296<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-296"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-296"><span>[</span>297<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-297"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-297"><span>[</span>298<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-298"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-298"><span>[</span>299<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS500_86-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-RS500-86"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-299"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-299"><span>[</span>300<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Ferry" title="Bryan Ferry">Bryan Ferry</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-300"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-300"><span>[</span>301<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Cave" title="Nick Cave">Nick Cave</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-301"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-301"><span>[</span>302<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-302"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-302"><span>[</span>303<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-303"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-303"><span>[</span>304<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syd_Barrett" title="Syd Barrett">Syd Barrett</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-304"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-304"><span>[</span>305<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lifeline_1964_305-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-Lifeline_1964-305"><span>[</span>306<span>]</span></a></sup>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits">Tom Waits</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-306"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-306"><span>[</span>307<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
There have been dissenters. Because Dylan was widely credited with imbuing pop culture with a new seriousness, the critic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik_Cohn" title="Nik Cohn">Nik Cohn</a> objected: "I can't take the vision of Dylan as seer, as teenage messiah, as everything else he's been worshipped as. The way I see him, he's a minor talent with a major gift for self-hype."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-307"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-307"><span>[</span>308<span>]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Australian critic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Marx" title="Jack Marx">Jack Marx</a> credited Dylan with changing the persona of the rock star: "What cannot be disputed is that Dylan invented the arrogant, faux-cerebral posturing that has been the dominant style in rock since, with everyone from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> educating themselves from the Dylan handbook."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-308"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-308"><span>[</span>309<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2010, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> described Dylan as a "plagiarist" and a "fake" in an interview in the the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-309"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-309"><span>[</span>310<span>]</span></a></sup> Mitchell's comments led to discussions of Dylan's use of other people's material, both supporting and criticising Dylan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-310"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan#cite_note-310"><span>[</span>311<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
If Dylan’s legacy in the 1960s was seen as bringing intellectual ambition to popular music, as Dylan advances into his sixties, he is today described as a figure who has greatly expanded the folk culture from which he initially emerged. As <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Hoberman" title="J. Hoberman">J. Hoberman</a> wrote in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i>, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis</a> might never have been born, but someone else would surely have brought the world rock 'n' roll. No such logic accounts for Bob Dylan. No iron law of history demanded that a would-be Elvis from Hibbing, Minnesota, would swerve through the Greenwich Village folk revival to become the world's first and greatest rock 'n' roll beatnik bard and then—having achieved fame and adoration beyond reckoning—vanish into a folk tradition of his own makingUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0